Robert Curthose

Robert Curthose, born around 1051, was the firstborn son of William the Conqueror and held the title of Duke of Normandy as Robert II from 1087 until 1106. His reign was marked by significant familial discord, particularly with his brothers, the English kings William II and Henry I.

The nickname 'Curthose' derives from the Norman French term 'courtheuse,' meaning 'short stockings.' This epithet was reportedly a playful jab from his father, who referred to him as 'brevis-ocrea,' or 'short boot.' Despite the light-hearted origins of his name, Robert's life was anything but trivial.

In pursuit of glory, Robert mortgaged his duchy to fund his participation in the First Crusade, where he emerged as a notable commander. However, his ambitions were thwarted by his brother Henry, leading to a decisive defeat at the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106. This loss resulted in Robert's lifelong captivity and the temporary annexation of Normandy into English territory.