Antipas of Pergamum

Saint Antipas of Pergamum, a revered presbyter, is recognized in Christian tradition as a faithful martyr mentioned in the Book of Revelation. According to the Commentary on the Apocalypse of Andreas of Caesarea, he is the Antipas referred to in Revelation 2:13, where it is noted that he held fast to his faith even in the face of persecution.

Traditionally, it is believed that John the Apostle ordained Antipas as the bishop of Pergamon during the tumultuous reign of the Roman emperor Nero. His commitment to his faith ultimately led to his martyrdom, which is said to have occurred between the years fifty-four and sixty-eight AD. The accounts describe a harrowing end, where he was burned alive in a brazen bull-shaped altar, a fate meted out for his efforts to cast out demons worshipped by the local populace.

In the wake of his martyrdom, a tradition emerged surrounding the relics of Saint Antipas, which were said to secrete a holy oil known as the