Bat Ye'or

Gisèle Littman, widely recognized by her pen name Bat Ye'or, was born in 1933 in Egypt. She is a distinguished essayist and writer, who has made significant contributions to contemporary discourse on the intersection of culture and politics, particularly in relation to Islam and its impact on Europe.

Bat Ye'or is best known for her controversial promotion of the Eurabia conspiracy theory, which posits that Islamic ideologies are increasingly influencing European culture and politics. Her work often highlights themes of anti-Americanism, anti-Christian sentiment, and antisemitism, asserting that these elements are prevalent within European societies.

In addition to her political commentary, Ye'or has extensively researched the historical experiences of Christian and Jewish minorities living under Islamic rule. She has played a pivotal role in popularizing the term 'dhimmitude,' which describes the status and treatment of non-Muslims in Islamic contexts, shedding light on the complexities of religious coexistence.