Calouste Gulbenkian

Calouste Gulbenkian, born on March twenty-third, eighteen sixty-nine, was a remarkable Armenian businessman and philanthropist whose influence extended far beyond his lifetime. He is best known for his pivotal role in unlocking the petroleum reserves of the Middle East for Western development, particularly as the first individual to exploit Iraqi oil. His strategic involvement in the 'Red Line Agreement' secured him a consistent five percent share in the Turkish Petroleum Company, later known as the Iraqi Petroleum Company, earning him the moniker 'Mr. Five Per Cent.'

Gulbenkian's adventurous spirit led him to travel extensively, residing in various cities throughout his life, including his birthplace of Constantinople, as well as London, Paris, and ultimately Lisbon. His experiences across these vibrant cultures enriched his perspective and contributed to his success as an entrepreneur and art collector.

In addition to his business acumen, Gulbenkian was deeply committed to philanthropy. He established numerous schools, hospitals, and churches, reflecting his dedication to improving society. His legacy continues through the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, a private institution founded in nineteen fifty-six by his bequest, which remains one of the largest foundations in Europe, promoting arts, charity, education, and science globally.

By the end of his life, Gulbenkian had amassed significant wealth, becoming one of the world's richest individuals. His extensive art collection is regarded as one of the greatest private assemblages, showcasing his passion for the arts and his discerning eye for beauty.