David Brewster

David Brewster, born on December eleventh, seventeen eighty-one, was a multifaceted Scottish scientist whose contributions spanned various fields including botany, civil engineering, physics, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. He is best known for his pioneering work in physical optics, particularly his studies on the polarization of light, which led to the discovery of Brewster's angle. His research into the birefringence of crystals under compression laid the groundwork for the field of optical mineralogy, earning him the title of 'father of modern experimental optics' from William Whewell.

A true innovator, Brewster made significant strides in photography, inventing the lenticular stereoscope, the first portable three-dimensional viewing device, along with the stereoscopic camera and two types of polarimeters. His other inventions included the polyzonal lens, the lighthouse illuminator, and the kaleidoscope, showcasing his diverse talents and creativity.

Beyond his scientific endeavors, Brewster was a devout Presbyterian and actively participated in the Disruption of eighteen forty-three, which resulted in the establishment of the Free Church of Scotland. He was also a dedicated historian of science, focusing on the life and works of his idol, Isaac Newton. Brewster published a comprehensive biography of Newton in eighteen thirty-one and was the first to delve into many of Newton's unpublished papers.

As a prominent figure in higher education, Brewster served as Principal of the University of St Andrews from eighteen thirty-seven to eighteen fifty-nine and later held the same position at the University of Edinburgh until eighteen sixty-eight. He was instrumental in founding the British Science Association and served as its president in eighteen forty-nine. Additionally, Brewster edited the extensive eighteen-volume Edinburgh Encyclopædia, further solidifying his legacy as a key figure in the advancement of science and education in Scotland.