Emperor Zhongzong of Tang

Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, born Li Xian on 26 November 656, was a complex figure in Chinese history, serving as the fourth and seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty. His reign was marked by significant influence from powerful women, particularly his mother, Empress Wu Zetian, who held the reins of power during his first brief rule in 684. Despite his position, Zhongzong was effectively a puppet, overthrown by his mother after a mere two months due to his opposition to her authority.

After a lengthy period of exile and house arrest, Zhongzong was recalled to the capital in 698 amidst a turbulent power struggle. His reinstatement as crown prince came later that year, but it was not until 20 February 705 that he was restored to the throne following the Shenlong Coup, which deposed Empress Wu. However, his second reign from 705 to 710 was characterized by his inability to assert control, as real power lay with his consort, Empress Wei, and her influential allies.

Throughout his life, Emperor Zhongzong struggled with personal challenges, including the psychological toll of his earlier confinement, which likely contributed to his indecisive nature. His reign ended abruptly in 710, with allegations of poisoning by Empress Wei, who sought to install her son, Li Chongmao, as the new emperor. This plan unraveled quickly, leading to a coup by his sister, Princess Taiping, and the restoration of his brother, Emperor Ruizong, to the throne.