François Duvalier

François Duvalier, affectionately known as Papa Doc, was born on April 14, 1907, and became a prominent figure in Haitian politics and medicine. After earning his medical degree from the University of Haiti in 1934, he furthered his studies in public health at the University of Michigan. His commitment to improving health in Haiti was evident when he actively campaigned against contagious tropical diseases starting in 1943. His patients' endearing nickname for him reflected his deep connection with the community.

Duvalier's political career began when he served as Minister for Public Health and Labor under President Dumarsais Estimé. His rise to power culminated in his election as president in the 1957 general election, where he ran on a platform of populism and black nationalism. However, his presidency quickly took a darker turn after he successfully thwarted a military coup in July 1958, leading to an increasingly autocratic regime.

In 1961, Duvalier was