Ismail Ibn Sharif

Ismail Ibn Sharif, born in 1645, ascended to the throne as the Sultan of Morocco in 1672, marking the beginning of a remarkable reign that would last until 1727. As the second ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty and the seventh son of Moulay Sharif, he initially served as the governor of Fez and northern Morocco from 1667 until the death of his half-brother, Sultan Moulay Rashid. His proclamation as sultan in Fez was met with challenges, particularly from his nephew, Moulay Ahmed ben Mehrez, leading to a conflict that persisted until the latter's death in 1687.

Moulay Ismail's reign is noted for its unprecedented length, making him the longest-serving sultan in Moroccan history. His rule represented a pinnacle of Moroccan power, characterized by military successes attributed to the establishment of a formidable army. This force relied heavily on the 'Guichs' and the Black Guard, a group of devoted black slaves, allowing him to reduce dependence on often-rebellious tribes. Despite his military ambitions, he faced setbacks, such as the failed attempts to expand into Algiers and the challenges posed by Spanish forces in Oran.

Throughout his reign, Ismail was known for his extensive harem, reportedly comprising over five hundred women and resulting in more than eight hundred confirmed children, earning him a place in history as one of the most prolific fathers. His military campaigns included the Maghrebi War against the Regency of Algiers, where he achieved notable victories, including the conquest of the Western Beylik. However, he also faced defeats, such as the Battle of Chelif in 1701.

In addition to his military endeavors, Ismail established significant diplomatic relations with foreign powers, including France, Great Britain, and Spain. His charisma and authority drew comparisons to Louis XIV, while his reputation for cruelty earned him the moniker 'bloody king' among Europeans. In Morocco, he was revered as the 'Warrior King.' He transformed Meknes into his capital, overseeing the construction of an impressive citadel and palace complex, which included grand residences, gardens, and extensive fortifications.

Ismail's reign came to an end with his death from illness, after which his supporters gained substantial power, leading to a period of instability where they could enthrone and dethrone sultans at will.