Medina

Medina, officially known as al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, is a city steeped in Islamic history and culture. Located in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, it serves as the capital of Medina Province and is recognized as the second holiest city in Islam, following Mecca. With a population of one million four hundred seventy-seven thousand and twenty-three as of two thousand twenty-two, Medina ranks as the fourth-most populous city in the country, comprising approximately fifty-eight point five percent Saudi citizens and forty-one point five percent foreigners.

Historically, Medina was known as Yathrib before the advent of Islam. It was renamed Madīnat an-Nabī, meaning 'City of the Prophet,' and later became al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, or 'The Enlightened City.' This transformation reflects its significance as the burial site of the Prophet Muhammad and the location of al-Masjid al-Nabawi, a mosque built in six hundred twenty-two CE. The city is a vital pilgrimage destination for Muslims, who often visit the Prophet's tomb during Ziyarat.

Medina has played a crucial role in the development of the Islamic faith, serving as the base for Muhammad's leadership and the early Muslim caliphate. The city is home to several important mosques, including the Quba Mosque, the oldest in Islam, and Masjid al-Qiblatayn. A significant portion of the Qur'an was revealed here, marking its importance in Islamic tradition.

Over the centuries, Medina has experienced various shifts in power, being governed by different tribes and empires, including the Umayyads, Abbasids, and Ottomans. Today, it is part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which has overseen the preservation and development of its religious landmarks. Tourists and pilgrims alike are drawn to Medina not only for its spiritual significance but also for its historical sites, such as Mount Uhud and Al-Baqi' cemetery.