Philotheus of Pskov

Philotheus of Pskov, born in 1465, was a prominent hegumen and writer associated with the Yelizarov Monastery near Pskov during the sixteenth century. His contributions to religious thought are significant, particularly his authorship of the 'Legend of the White Cowl' and the influential Moscow - Third Rome prophecy, although details surrounding these works remain scarce.

Philotheus is best known for his correspondence with the priest Mikhail Grigorievich Misyur-Munekhin and Grand Duke Vasily III, where he articulated the concept of Moscow as the Third Rome. While these letters primarily addressed various ecclesiastical matters, they subtly reminded the tsar of his role as the Protector of Faith, emphasizing that Moscow stood as the last bastion of Orthodoxy after the fall of Rome and Constantinople.

Despite his notable contributions, some of Philotheus's attributed works, such as the essays 'On the Grievances of the Church' directed at Ivan the Terrible, have been disputed by scholars due to inconsistencies with his earlier writings. This particular essay, which linked the theme of the Third Rome to the protection of church property rights, is believed to have been penned by another author using Philotheus's name.

In August two thousand nine, archaeologists made a significant discovery in Pskov, unearthing a grave that is thought to belong to Philotheus, further cementing his historical presence in the region.