Pope Benedict XIV

Pope Benedict XIV, born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini on 31 March 1675, served as the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 17 August 1740 until his death on 3 May 1758. Renowned for his scholarly pursuits, he is often regarded as one of the most learned popes, yet his contributions are frequently overlooked. His papacy was marked by a commitment to scientific inquiry, the Baroque arts, and a revival of Thomism, alongside a deep interest in the study of the human form.

Throughout his reign, Benedict XIV was dedicated to upholding the decrees of the Council of Trent and Catholic doctrine. He sought to restore the Breviary to its original form, countering the rising tide of secularism in European courts. His papacy was characterized by grand ceremonies and a prolific output of theological and ecclesiastical writings, reflecting his deep engagement with the Church's teachings.

In his governance of the Papal States, he implemented a mixed approach to taxation, reducing it on certain goods while increasing it on others. He championed agricultural development and promoted free trade within the region. A true polymath, he established the Sacred and Profane Museums, which are now part of the Vatican Museums, and engaged in extensive studies of ancient literature, ecclesiastical texts, and the arts.

As his papacy drew to a close, Benedict XIV faced challenges related to the Society of Jesus, ultimately expelling them from Portugal in 1758 at the request of King Joseph I. This decision, made shortly before his death, reflected the complex political landscape of the time. Horace Walpole aptly described him as a man of integrity, admired by both Catholics and Protestants, a pope who embodied humility and intellect, untouched by the corrupting influences of power.