Pope Clement XII

Pope Clement XII, born Lorenzo Corsini on April 7, 1652, served as the head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from July 12, 1730, until his death on February 6, 1740. His papacy was marked by significant financial growth within the Vatican, leading to a surplus that allowed for various cultural and architectural advancements.

Among his notable contributions, Clement XII oversaw the construction of the new façade of the Basilica of Saint John Lateran and initiated the building of the iconic Trevi Fountain. His commitment to the arts was further exemplified by the acquisition of Cardinal Alessandro Albani's extensive collection of antiquities, which enriched the papal gallery.

In addition to his architectural endeavors, Clement XII made a significant impact on the Church's stance towards secret societies. In 1738, he issued the bull In eminenti apostolatus, which marked the first public papal condemnation of Freemasonry, reflecting his concerns about its influence.