Pope John XXI

Pope John XXI, born Pedro Julião around the year 1215, holds a unique place in history as the only Portuguese pope. His papacy began on 8 September 1276 and lasted until his untimely death on 20 May 1277. A multifaceted individual, he was not only the head of the Catholic Church but also a ruler of the Papal States, showcasing his political acumen.

Before ascending to the papacy, John XXI was known for his diverse contributions to various fields. He was a respected university teacher, a dedicated Catholic priest, and a skilled physician. His intellectual pursuits extended to philosophy and mathematics, reflecting a well-rounded education and a commitment to knowledge.

Interestingly, John XXI is sometimes identified with the logician and herbalist Peter of Spain, also known as Petrus Hispanus. This connection suggests that he may have been the only pope to have practiced medicine, further emphasizing his unique background and expertise.