Pulakeshin II

Pulakeshin II, also known as Immaḍi Pulakeśi, was a prominent Chalukyan emperor who ruled from six hundred nine to six hundred forty-two CE. Born as the son of Kirttivarman I, he ascended to the throne after overthrowing his uncle Mangalesha. His reign marked a significant expansion of the Chalukya empire, which came to dominate much of the Deccan region in peninsular India.

During his rule, Pulakeshin II faced various challenges, including a rebellion led by Appayika and Govinda, which he successfully suppressed. He achieved notable military victories, including the defeat of the Kadambas of Banavasi and the recognition of his suzerainty by the Alupas and the Gangas of Talakadu. His Aihole inscription highlights his conquests over the Latas, Malavas, and Gurjaras in the north, further solidifying his empire's influence.

One of Pulakeshin's most remarkable achievements was his victory over the northern emperor Harshavardhana, whose inability to conquer the Chalukyan territories is documented by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang. In the east, he subdued the rulers of Dakshina Kosala and Kalinga, appointing his brother Vishnu-vardhana as the governor of the eastern Deccan, who later founded the independent Eastern Chalukya dynasty of Vengi.

Despite his strong Vaishnavite beliefs, Pulakeshin II was known for his religious tolerance, supporting various faiths, including Shaivite Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. He was a patron of Jaina scholars, notably Ravikirtti, who composed his Aihole inscription. However, his reign came to a tragic end when he was ultimately defeated by the Pallava monarch Narasimhavarman I around six hundred forty-two to six hundred forty-three CE.