Rhys ap Gruffudd

Rhys ap Gruffudd, known as The Lord Rhys, was a prominent prince of Deheubarth in south Wales from the year 1155 until his death in 1197. He was a significant figure in Welsh history, often referring to himself as the 'Prince of Wales' or 'Prince of the Welsh' in two surviving charters. His lineage traced back to his grandfather, Rhys ap Tewdwr, the former king of Deheubarth, who was killed in 1093, leading to the Norman conquest of much of the region.

After the death of his father, Gruffudd ap Rhys, Rhys ascended to power and began reclaiming lost territories. His reign was marked by a tumultuous relationship with the English crown, particularly King Henry II. In 1158, Rhys was forced to submit to Henry, and by 1163, he was stripped of his lands and imprisoned. However, he managed to regain a portion of his holdings shortly after his release and formed a crucial alliance with Owain Gwynedd.

Rhys's fortunes changed in 1171 when he made peace with Henry II, securing his conquests and being appointed Justiciar of South Wales. His relationship with Henry remained stable until the king's death in 1189, after which Rhys revolted against Richard I, launching attacks on the surrounding Norman lordships and capturing several castles.

In his later years, Rhys faced challenges in managing his sons, particularly Maelgwn and Gruffudd, who were embroiled in a feud. His final military campaign against the Normans occurred in 1196, resulting in the capture of additional castles. Rhys ap Gruffudd passed away unexpectedly in 1197 and was laid to rest in St Davids Cathedral, leaving behind a legacy as one of the most powerful Welsh rulers of his time.