Wu Sangui

Wu Sangui, born in 1612, was a pivotal figure in the tumultuous transition from the Ming to the Qing dynasty in China. Initially a loyal Ming general, he was stationed at the strategically significant Shanhai Pass, where he faced a critical decision that would alter the course of Chinese history. When the rebel army led by Li Zicheng captured Beijing and threatened his family, Wu made the controversial choice to ally with the Manchu invaders, allowing them passage into China to reclaim the capital.

This act of defection earned Wu the title of 'Prince Who Pacifies the West' and a fiefdom encompassing the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou. However, his legacy is marred by perceptions of treachery, as he is often viewed in Chinese folklore as a disreputable traitor for his role in suppressing the Southern Ming resistance and executing the Yongli Emperor.

In 1674, Wu's allegiance shifted once more as he rebelled against the Qing dynasty he had helped establish. By 1678, he declared himself the Emperor of China and the ruler of Zhou, a bold move that ultimately led to his downfall just months later. His grandson, Wu Shifan, briefly succeeded him, but the revolt was quelled by 1681, sealing Wu Sangui's complex and controversial legacy in Chinese history.