Yang Zhu

Yang Zhu, also known as Master Yang, was a prominent Chinese philosopher during the tumultuous Warring States period, born in three hundred sixty-nine BC. He is recognized for his unique contributions to ethical egoism, presenting an alternative perspective to the prevailing Mohist and Confucian ideologies of his time.

His philosophical teachings primarily survive through ancient texts such as the Huainanzi, Lüshi Chunqiu, and Mengzi, with possible references in the Liezi and Zhuangzi. Yang Zhu founded the philosophical school of Yangism, which emphasized self-preservation, a concept he termed weiwo, or 'for myself'. This notion has led to his recognition as a pioneer in the understanding of the body.

Despite his significant influence during his lifetime, Yang Zhu's philosophies have become less prominent in contemporary discussions of Chinese philosophy. Mencius, a notable philosopher of the era, famously likened the impact of Yang Zhu's ideas, alongside those of Mozi, to 'floods and wild animals that ravage the land', highlighting the intensity of their philosophical clash.