Robert Estienne

Robert Estienne, born in 1503, was a prominent French printer and publisher whose influence extended far beyond the realm of typography. Taking over the Estienne print shop in Paris after the death of his father, Henri Estienne, Robert became a key figure in the dissemination of classical texts and biblical translations during the 16th century. His work earned him the title of 'Printer to the King' as he skillfully navigated the complexities of publishing in Latin, Hebrew, and Greek.

Among his most significant contributions was the Thesaurus linguae latinae, a groundbreaking work that laid the foundation for modern Latin lexicography. Additionally, Estienne was the first to print the New Testament divided into standard numbered verses, a practice that would become standard in biblical publishing.

Despite his Catholic upbringing, Estienne's faith evolved, and he embraced Protestantism later in life. This shift led to tensions with the Catholic theologians of the Sorbonne, who sought to censor his works, particularly those that included commentary. Ultimately, the pressure forced Estienne and his family to flee to Geneva, where he continued his printing endeavors without censorship, notably publishing many works by John Calvin.

In 1556, Estienne became a citizen of Geneva, where he would spend the remainder of his life until his death on 7 September 1559. His legacy continued through his four sons, two of whom became accomplished printers, including Henri Estienne, who upheld the family tradition in the printing industry. Robert Estienne's contributions were instrumental in the Golden Age of French Typography, marking him as a pivotal figure in the history of printing.